Fill in the blanks ‐ Bryophytes
1. Bryophytes are also called the .......... of the plant kingdom.
2. The main plant body of bryophytes is ...........
3. The male sex organ in bryophytes is called ...........
4. The female sex organ in bryophytes is called ...........
5. Bryophytes are attached to the substratum by ...........
6. The sporophyte remains attached to the ...........
7. In liverworts, asexual reproduction occurs by structures called...........
8. Gemmae are produced inside ...........
9. In mosses, the first stage of gametophyte is called...........
10. The sporophyte of bryophytes consists of .........., .......... and ...........
11. Spores are produced after ...........
12. .......... is an example of a liverwort.
13. ..........and .......... are examples of mosses.
14. Mosses help in preventing .......... ...........
15. Peat is obtained from species of ...............

Short Question Answers ‐ Bryophytes
1. Why are bryophytes called amphibians of the plant kingdom?
2. What is the dominant plant body in bryophytes?
3. Name the male sex organ of bryophytes.
4. Name the female sex organ of bryophytes.
5. What are rhizoids?
6. What are gemmae?
7. Where are gemmae formed?
8. Name one liverwort.
9. Name two mosses.
10. What is protonema?
11. What are the parts of bryophyte sporophyte?
12. How do bryophytes reproduce vegetatively?
13. What is the function of spores?
14. Why is Sphagnum economically important?
15. How do mosses prevent soil erosion?

MCQs


1. Bryophytes are commonly found in:
a. Dry deserts b. Moist shady places c. Snow-covered mountains d. Saline soil

2. Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they:
a. Live only in water b. Need water for sexual reproduction c. Have vascular tissues d. Produce seeds

3. Bryophytes play an important role in:
a. Nitrogen fixation b. Plant succession on bare rocks c. Pollination d. Seed dispersal

4. The plant body of bryophytes is mainly:
a. Diploid sporophyte b. Haploid gametophyte c. Seed-bearing d. Vascular

5. Bryophytes are attached to the substratum by:
a. Roots b. Rhizomes c. Rhizoids d. Holdfasts

6. Bryophytes lack:
a. Chlorophyll b. Cell wall c. True roots, stems and leaves d. Rhizoids

7. The male sex organ in bryophytes is called:
a. Archegonium b. Antheridium c. Capsule d. Protonema

8. The female sex organ in bryophytes is called:
a. Antheridium b. Sporangium c. Archegonium d. Gemma cup

9. Antheridia produce:
a. Eggs b. Spores c. Antherozoids d. Gemmae

10. The antherozoids of bryophytes are:
a. Non-motile b. Biflagellate c. Multicellular d. Seed-like


11. The female sex organ archegonium is: a. Spherical b. Cylindrical c. Flask-shaped d. Disc-shaped


12. Water is essential in bryophytes for: a. Vegetative reproduction b. Spore formation c. Fertilisation d. Photosynthesis


13. The zygote in bryophytes develops into: a. Gametophyte b. Sporophyte c. Protonema d. Gemma


14. The sporophyte in bryophytes is: a. Independent and free-living b. Non-photosynthetic and dependent on gametophyte c. Dominant stage d. Seed producing


15. Spores in bryophytes are produced by: a. Mitosis b. Binary fission c. Meiosis d. Budding


16. Which moss is used for peat formation? A. Funaria b. Polytrichum c. Sphagnum d. Marchantia


17. Peat obtained from mosses is commonly used as: a. Fertiliser only b. Fuel and packing material c. Medicine only d. Food supplement


18. Mosses help prevent: a. Flooding b. Soil erosion c. Air pollution d. Deforestation


19. Bryophytes are divided into: a. Liverworts and mosses b. Gymnosperms and angiosperms c. Red algae and brown algae d. Ferns and conifers


20. Which of the following is a liverwort? A. Funaria b. Polytrichum c. Marchantia d. Sphagnum


21. The plant body of liverworts is generally: a. Woody b. Thalloid and dorsiventral c. Needle-shaped d. Filamentous


22. Asexual buds in liverworts are called: a. Protonema b. Zoospores c. Gemmae d. Conidia


23. Gemmae are produced inside: a. Capsule b. Gemma cups c. Archegonia d. Antheridia


24. The sporophyte of liverworts is differentiated into: a. Root, stem and leaves b. Holdfast, stipe and frond c. Foot, seta and capsule d. Rhizoid, stem and capsule


25. In mosses, the first stage of gametophyte is called: a. Capsule b. Protonema c. Rhizoid d. Gemma


26. Protonema develops directly from: a. Zygote b. Gamete c. Spore d. Capsule


27. The leafy stage in moss develops from: a. Zygote b. Gemma c. Secondary protonema d. Archegonium


28. Mosses are attached to soil by: a. Roots b. Unicellular rhizoids c. Multicellular branched rhizoids d. Holdfasts


29. Vegetative reproduction in mosses occurs by: a. Budding and fragmentation b. Binary fission c. Seed formation d. Conjugation


30. Common examples of mosses are: a. Funaria and polytrichum b. Marchantia and spirogyra c. Volvox and ulothrix d. Laminaria and fucus